Western Oregon is a hotspot of endemic mammal diversity and the ranges of many species meet here in Columbia County. Unfortunately, several have become quite rare. Forest species struggle due to the logging of the older forest and destruction of the natural forest understory; lowland species due to the spread of development throughout flat river bottomlands.
List of all mammals recorded in Columbia County
Hoofed Mammals
Carnivores
Two other carnivores which may have been found in Columbia County are the American Marten and the Fisher. Both appear to be absent now, likely due to the loss of adequate forest cover.
Opossums
Virginia Opossum – Introduced from the eastern US, it tends to be more common around residences, eating grubs and worms from gardens, garbage, and mulch piles. (photo © jaco sammie )
Rabbits
Brush Rabbit – Small with generally reddish-brown coat. Found among thick brambles or brush, through which it makes extensive tunnels. (photo © hikingsandiego )
Eastern Cottontail – Larger than Brush Rabbit with a grayish coat on sides. Introduced from eastern USA. Smaller than feral domesticated rabbits, which lack cotton “poof” on tail. (photo © Pedro Peloso )
Rodents
North American Beaver – Our largest rodent, with a characteristic broad flat tail. Found in lakes and ponds (or streams which it transforms into ponds) within deciduous forest (photo © kingarfer )
Nutria (Coypu) – Smaller than beaver, with a round haired tail, long back legs, and whitish snout. Introduced from South America. Its burrows damage the banks of waterways. (photo © Diego Trillo )
Muskrat – Smaller than a nutria, with rounded body, shorter snout, and somewhat vertically flattened tail. Found in any slow water body, where it builds lodges from vegetation. (photo © Maya )
Bushy-tailed Woodrat – Furry tail makes it appear like a squirrel. Found in a variety of habitats, building “middens” in rock crevices, up in trees, or inside abandoned buildings. (photo © eheisey )
Brown Rat – An introduced species from Europe, much larger than any native mouse other than the Bushy-tailed Woodrat. Lives around homes and farms. (photo © Simon Tonge )
House Mouse – Generally solid brown to gray with lighter undersides. Also introduced from Europe and tends to live around dwellings. (photo © Roberto Ghiglia )
Deer Mouse – Larger eyes and ears than House Mouse, with white underbelly and haired bicolored tail. Can live virtually anywhere, will sometimes go in homes. (photo © thebirbadook )
Pacific Jumping Mouse – Course hair is dark brown on top with yellowish-brown sides. Hops rather than runs. Found in moist habitats like streamsides and wet meadows. (photo © William Leonard )
Townsend’s Vole – Our largest vole, 6.5-9.5″ long. Dark brown with large ears, silver belly, dark feet, dark tail only slightly lighter beneath. Found in wetlands and wet meadows. (photo © natureguy )
Long-tailed Vole – A medium-large vole, gray to grayish brown with long tail (>2.5″) that is distinctly bicolored. Large eyes and ears. Found in forest, meadow and marsh. (photo © Rick & Nora Bowers )
Grey-tailed Vole – Medium-size vole, gray to yellow-brown. Short hairy tail is dark above and light gray below. Mostly found in farmland. (photo © Dan Edge)
Creeping (Oregon) Vole – Our smallest vole, 5-6″ long. Dark gray, brown, or black with a short black tail. Found in forest, grassland, and farmland. (photo © Patty Teague )
White-footed Vole – A grizzled brownish-gray vole. Longish tail dark above and white below, feet light gray or white. Partially arboreal leaf-eater, usually found near streams. (photo © Justin Brice)
Western Red-backed Vole ODFW )
Red Tree Vole – Orangish-red to reddish-brown. Arboreal species that builds its nest in large conifers. Endangered Species candidate due to the loss of large trees, possibly gone from county. (photo © NEST )
Camas Pocket Gopher – A large gopher (10-12″), brown above and gray below with white patch on the lower jaw. Found in burns and clearcuts as well as grassy crops. (photo © Ian Silvernail )
Western (Mazama) Pocket Gopher – A small gopher, hazel to black above and buff to gray below. Found in meadows, with an isolated population in inland Columbia County. (photo © William Leonard )
Northern Pocket Gopher – Small, yellowish-brown to brownish-gray with white marks under the chin. In our area is restricted to meadows/farms in the Columbia floodplain. (photo © Bill Thomas )
Mountain Beaver – A unique primitive rodent reminiscent of a guinea pig. Found in moist forests, where it cuts down ferns and small seedings to drag back to its tunnels. (photo © Jordan Cochran )
Shrews and Moles
Vagrant Shrew – A grayish-brown shrew with 4 or fewer friction pads on 2nd-4th toes and unique tooth structure. Frequents variety of habitats but prefers open areas with scattered trees. (photo © William Leonard )
Trowbridge’s shrew – Grayish-black above and below with a distinctly bicolored tail. Unique tooth structure. Digs through the soil (rather than debris) in coniferous forest. (photo © Alyssa Semerdjian )
Dusky shrew – Blackish-brown above and light brown below. Similar to Vagrant Shrew but with 5-6 friction pads on 2nd-4th toes and different tooth structure. Hunts in duff of coniferous forest. (photo © Carita Bergman )
Baird’s Shrew – A brown shrew, virtually identical to Dusky Shrew except for minute differences in tooth and skull structure. Found in moist coniferous forests. (photo © Lois Alexander )
Bats
Little Brown Myotis – A small glossy brown bat with long ears. Found primarily in forests, especially near water, and often found roosting in attics and other buildings. (photo © Jason Headley )
Long-eared Myotis – A dull golden-brown bat with especially long ears. A slow flier that frequents coniferous forest, where it hunts in openings. Versatile in roosting spots. (photo © Mike Cong )
Yuma Myotis – Grayish-brown to tan, similar to Little Brown Myotis but smaller and duller in color with a steeper forehead. Found in many habitats but usually hunts over water. (photo © Daniel Neal )
Long-legged Myotis – Large myotis with long legs. Unique in that hair extends onto its wings. Calcar next to foot has a clear keel. A fast flier in coniferous forest. Sensitive Species in Oregon. (photo © Jonathan Delmer )
Townsend’s Big-eared Bat – Light brown to gray bat with very large ears. Roosts in large cavities like caves and hollow trees. Very sensitive to human disturbance. Sensitive-Critical species in Oregon. (photo © Jane Tatlock )
Hoary Bat – Our largest bat, reddish-brown body with silver-tipped hairs. Yellowish face with dark mask. Tends to be found in forests but hunts in open areas. Sensitive Species in Oregon. (photo © Eric Hough )
Marine Mammals
California Sea Lion – Larger than local seals, with visible ear flaps and flippers that rotate so it can “walk” on land. Comes upstream on the Columbia River to take advantage of salmon runs. (photo © Jin Kemoole )
Steller’s Sea Lion – Larger than the California Sea Lion, lighter in color and with a broader, more “bear-like” face. Also comes up the Columbia for salmon runs. (photo © C Watts )
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